Trained immunity (TI) is a form of innate immune memory characterized by boosted innate immune responses to secondary heterologous challenges following an initial stimulus. Several inducers, including fungal β-glucan and the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine, induce TI in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Although the potential of TI in colon cancer has been explored in murine models, its relevance in patients remains poorly understood.
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by ectopic endometrial tissue growth, causing pain and infertility. Diagnosis is often delayed due to reliance on imaging and invasive methods, highlighting the need for non-invasive biomarkers for early detection.
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Paediatric acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology (PAHUA) has emerged as a global health concern, yet its cause remains unidentified. This study characterises the clinical and immunological profiles of PAHUA to identify reliable immune biomarkers for accurate diagnosis.
The devastating impact of respiratory infections demonstrates the critical need for novel prophylactic vaccines. In this opinion article, we advocate for bacterial immunotherapies as a complementary tool in our fight against respiratory infections.
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) comprise a group of rare tumors originating from neuroendocrine cells, which are present in both endocrine glands and scattered throughout the body.
For decades, innate immune cells were considered unsophisticated first responders, lacking the adaptive memory of their T and B cell counterparts. However, mounting evidence demonstrates the surprising complexity of innate immunity.
Trained immunity (TI) represents a memory-like process of innate immune cells. TI can be initiated with various compounds such as fungal b-glucan or the tuberculosis vaccine, Bacillus Calmette-Gue´ rin.
Intravesical administration of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) was one of the first FDA-approved immunotherapies and remains a standard treatment for bladder cancer.
